What action leads to R2 being declared out when hit by a batted ball?

When a runner, such as R2, is struck by a batted ball, the key factor that determines whether they are declared out is if the ball is in fair territory at the time it makes contact with them. Hitting the ball on the fair side means that the ball has traveled over the fair territory portion of the field. If R2 is hit by a fair ball while they are not on a base, they are considered to have been struck by a batted ball, which results in them being declared out.

The other options, while they relate to different aspects of gameplay, do not specifically lead to the situation in which R2 is called out due to being hit by a batted ball. Positioning to make a play or being intentionally touched by another player does not directly correlate with the rule regarding being hit by a batted ball in fair territory. Lastly, not being on a base when hit does not matter if the ball is foul; as such, the essence of the play hinges on the fair status of the batted ball. Thus, the correct response centers on the batted ball's status rather than the runner's positioning or intentions of other players.