If R2 is hit by a batted ball while touching second base, what is the ruling?

In this scenario, when R2 is hit by a batted ball while touching second base, the ruling is that R2 is out unless the batted ball is an infield fly. This adheres to the principles established in baseball regarding the interference of base runners with a live batted ball.

When a runner is hit by a batted ball while legally occupying a base, they are considered to be out in circumstances where the ball has not yet been declared a dead ball or when specific exceptions, such as the infield fly rule, do not apply. The infield fly rule exists to prevent the defense from intentionally dropping a catchable infield ball in a situation with less than two outs and runners on first and second or the bases loaded, thereby benefiting from an easy double play. If this rule is not in effect, then R2's status is clear—the runner is out for being hit by the batted ball while in contact with the base.

Therefore, understanding these rules clarifies why the ruling is applied in this manner in such situations.