If a third-base coach is hit by a thrown ball while in fair territory, what is the ruling?

In this scenario, the correct ruling is that the ball remains live with no penalty when a third-base coach is hit by a thrown ball while in fair territory. The reason for this ruling is that the coach, although in fair territory, is considered part of the field and not an active player in the sense of participating in the play. Consequently, if a thrown ball strikes the coach, it does not result in interference or dead ball because coaches are generally expected to be aware of the plays occurring and maintain a safe distance from the action.

A key point in understanding this ruling is that players, coaches, and other personnel are responsible for their positions on the field, and minor incidental contact typically does not warrant interference or a dead ball situation. This allows the game to continue without interruption, maintaining the flow of play.